International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067, CODEN: IJMCFK) since 2000. Impact Factor in 2005 is 1.467

Special Issue on "Biofuels R&D: Securing the Planet Future Energy Needs"

Manuscripts on biofuels related topics can now be submitted to the special issue on biofuels within the Energies journal

[Editors] [Call for Papers] [Submission Instructions] [Announced Papers] [Published Papers] [Leading Review Papers] [List of Keywords]

 

 Rationale for the Special Issue on

“Biofuels R&D: Securing the Planet Future Energy Needs”

 
Dear Colleague,

 

The value of biomass as a sustainable source of energy and carbon has been heralded for years. Despite the information available on enzyme systems and plant cell walls structure, application of this knowledge to biomass conversion into biofuels and useful chemicals has met with limited success. The goal of this special issue is to examine the stand of the latest available technologies to ensure a sustainable commercial use of biomass wastes.
 
Papers can also be submitted to a new MDPI journal: Energies (http://www.mdpi.org/energies/)

Clifford Louime, Ph.D.
   
Editors:
 

Guest Editor

Clifford Louime, Ph.D.
Research Associate, Grapes Breeding and Genetics, Center For Viticulture and Small Fruit Research

Florida A&M University, 6505 Mahan Drive, Tallahassee, FL 32315, USA
Tel: 850-412-7395, Fax: 850-561-2617, Email: clifford.louime@famu.edu
http://www.famu.edu/oldsite/acad/colleges/cesta/vit-faculty.htm

 
Keywords:
  

Topics of special interest include, but are not strictly limited to, the following:


 1. Biomass Characterization & Analysis:
1a. Characterization of biomass feedstock and products;
1b. Process design;
1c. Development of new methods and tools
 
 2. Biochemical Conversion Technologies:
 
2a. Development of pretreatment technologies;
2b. Cellulase Enzyme Development: e.g. basic science underlying enzymatic hydrolysis;
2c. Strain Development: metabolic engineering techniques;
 
 3. Thermochemical Conversion Technologies:
 
3a. Gasification R&D;
3b. Pyrolysis processes;
 
 4. Biobased Product & Development:
 
4a. Discovery, improvement, and development of conversion  technologies;
4b. Novel separation technologies;
4c. Quantifying the quality and performance of biobased products;

  

Submission:

  

Manuscripts on biofuels related topics can now be submitted to the special issue on biofuels within the Energies journal

Deadline for Submissions: 31 March 2008

 

Submitted papers should not have been previously published nor be currently under consideration for publication elsewhere. All papers are refereed through a peer review process. A guide for authors, sample copies and other relevant information for submitting papers are available on the “Instructions for Authors” page. The International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed monthly journal published by Molecular Diversity Preservation International.
 
Call for Papers: download the call for paper message here
 
Announced Papers:
 
Type: Opinion
Title: The Reality and Potential of Ethanol Fuel
Authors: Dr. Jim McLaren
Planned Content: The paper will cover where we are today, challenges remaining in the lignocellulose approach being pushed at the present time, and identify limits in the market and in production. I will also perhaps develop the case for an alternative feedstock (not lignocellulose) approach to address some of the current issues.
 
Manuscript ID: IJMS-24-02
Type: Full Research Paper
Title: Insights Into the Catalytic Mechnism of Cytophaga Hutchinsonii Based on Compubter Modeling and Site-Directed Mutagenesis of cel9A
Authors: Clifford Louime 1, Michael Abazinge 1, Elijah Johnson 1, Lekan Latinwo 2, Hannah Uckelmann 3 and Christopher Ikediobi 3
Affiliations: 1 Environmental Sciences Institute, FSH Science Research Center, Florida A&M University, 1520 South Bronough Street, Tallahassee, Florida 32307, USA; 2 Department of Biological Sciences, 204 Jones Hall, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida 32307, USA; 3 Department of Chemistry, 219 Jones Hall, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida 32307, USA
Abstract: Download the Abstract

Manuscript ID: IJMS-24-03
Type: Full Research Paper
Title: Studies of the Cellulolytic System of the Gliding Bacterium Cytophaga Hutchinsonii
Authors: Michael Abazinge 1, * and Clifford Louime 2
Affiliations: 1 Environmental Sciences Institute, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida 32307, USA; E-mail: michael.abazinge@famu.edu; 2 Center for Viticulture and Small Fruit Research, College of Engineering Sciences, Technology and Agriculture, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida 32317, USA
Abstract: Download the Abstract

Manuscript ID: IJMS-24-04
Type:  Full Research Paper
Title: Potential Hardwood Tree Species For Biofuels in the Southeast United States
Authors: Oghenekome Onokpise*,1, Clifford Louime 2, Don Rockwood 3 and Richard Hall 4
Affiliations: 1 Agronomy, Forestry and Natural Resources Conservation Programs, College of Engineering Sciences, Technology and Agriculture (CESTA), Florida A&M University; (FAMU), Tallahassee, Florida 32307, USA; E-mail: oghenekome.onokpise@famu.edu; 2 Center for Viticulture and Small Fruit Research, CESTA, FAMU, Tallahassee, Florida 32307, USA; 3 School of Forest Resource Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA; 4 Department of Natural Resource Management, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
Abstract: Download the Abstract

Manuscript ID: IJMS-24-20
Type: Review
Title: Pretreatment of Biological Waste Materials for Production of Ethanol and Biogas
Authors: Mohammad J. Taherzadeh 1,*,  Keikhosro Karimi 2, Ilona S. Horvath 1, Claes Niklasson 3
Affiliations: 1 School of Engineering, University of Borås, S-501 90 Borås, Sweden; 2 Chemical Engineering Department, Isfahan University of Technology, Iran; 3 Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden; * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: Mohammad.Taherzadeh@hb.se
Abstract: Download the Abstract

Manuscript ID: IJMS-24-19
Type of Paper: Full Research Paper
Title: Cellulosic Ethanol from AFEX Treated Oil Seed Cakes and Hulls for Bio-diesel Processing
Authors: Venkatesh Balan 1,*, Shishir P. S. Chundawat 1, Leonardo D. Sousa 1, Chad A. Rogers 1, Patricia J. Slininger 2 and Bruce E. Dale 1
Affiliations: 1 Biomass Conversion Research Lab (BCRL), Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI  48824, USA; 2 Crop BioProtection Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Peoria, IL  61604, USA; * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: venkates@egr.msu.edu
Abstract: Download the Abstract

Manuscript ID: IJMS-24-07
Type: Full Research Paper
Title: Valorization of Beech Wood and Beecnut Oil Biofuels
Authors: Ayhan Demirbas
Affiliations: Sila Science, Trabzon, Turkey; * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ayhandemirbas@hotmail.com
Abstract: Download the Abstract

Manuscript ID: IJMS-24-08
Type: Full Research Paper
Title: A System Analysis on Bio-H2 Product Through Blue Tower (BT) Process due to Livestock Excreta
Authors: Kiyoshi Dowaki 1,*, Kazunori Shimada 1 and Mitsuo Kameyama 2
Affiliations: 1 Department of Industrial Administration, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, Japan 278-8510; Tel.: (+81(0) 4 7122 1408, Fax: +81 (0) 4 7122 4566; 2 Japan Planning Organization Co. Ltd. 3-20 Kioicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan 102-0094; * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: dowaki@rs.noda.tus.ac.jp
Abstract: Download the Abstract

Manuscript ID: IJMS-24-09
Type: Review
Title: Photoinduced Biohydrogen Production From Biomass
Authors: Yutaka Amao
Affiliations: Department of Applied Chemistry, Oita University Dannoharu 700, Oita 870-1192, Japan; Tel. & FAX: +81-97-554-7972; E-mail: amao@cc.oita-u.ac.jp
Abstract: Download the Abstract

Manuscript ID: IJMS-24-10
Type: Review
Title: Integration of technologies for biomass pretreatment and conversion into chemicals and fuels.
Authors: Janis Gravitis
Affiliations: Laboratory of Biomass Eco-Efficient Conversion, Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes St. 27,  Riga LV 1006, Latvia; E-mail: jgravit@edi.lv
Abstract: Download the Abstract

Manuscript ID: IJMS-24-11
Type: Full Research Paper
Title: Biodiesel as a Realistic Fuel for Diesel Engines
Authors: Ayhan Demirbas
Affiliations: Sila Science, Trabzon, Turkey; * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ayhandemirbas@hotmail.com
Abstract: Download the Abstract

Manuscript ID: IJMS-24-12
Type: Review
Title: Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Studies on Biomass Thermochemical Conversion
Authors: Yiqun Wang and Lifeng Yan*
Affiliations: Department of Chemical Physics, and Biomass Clean Energy Laboratory of Anhui, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P.R.China; * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: lfyan@ustc.edu.cn; Fax:+86-551-3602969
Abstract: Download the Abstract

Manuscript ID: IJMS-24-13
Type: Review
Title: Energy Product Options for Eucalyptus Species Grown as Short Rotation Woody Crops
Authors: D.L. Rockwood 1,*, A.W. Rudie 2 and S.A. Ralph 3
Affiliations: 1 School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611-0410, USA; 2 USFS Forest Products Laboratory, One Gifford Pinchot Drive, Madison, WI, 53726-2398, USA; E-mail: arudie@fs.fed.us; 3 USFS Forest Products Laboratory, One Gifford Pinchot Drive, Madison, WI,  53726-2398, USA; E-mail: sralph@fs.fed.us; * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail:dlrock@ufl.edu
Abstract: Download the Abstract

Manuscript ID: IJMS-24-14
Type: Full Research Paper
Title: Cultivation and Characterization of Cynara Cardunculus for Solid Biofuels Production in the Mediterranean Region
Authors: Panagiotis Grammelis 1,*, Anastasia Malliopoulou 1, Panagiotis Basinas 1 and Nicholas G. Danalatos 2,*
Affiliations: 1 Institute for Solid Fuels Technology and Applications/ Centre for Research & Technology Hellas, 4thkm N.R. Ptolemaida-Kozani, 50200 Ptolemaida, Greece; 2 Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly, Fytokou Street, N. Ionia, 348446, Volos, Greece, E-mail: danal@uth.gr; * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: grammelis@certh.gr
Abstract: Download the Abstract

Manuscript ID: IJMS-24-16
Type: Review
Title: Features that Control Cellulose Hydrolysis in Pretreated Biomass Solids
Authors: Rajeev Kumar1, Bin Yang 2,* and Charles E. Wyman 2
Affiliations: 1 Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, New Hampshire 03755, USA; 2 The Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering and Center for Environmental Research and Technology, University of California, 1084 Columbia Avenue, Riverside, California 92507, USA; * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; Email: binyang@cert.ucr.edu
Abstract: Download the Abstract

Manuscript ID: IJMS-24-17
Type: Full Research Paper
Title: Biofuels for Clean and Sustainable Energy Future
Authors: Kamil Kaygusuz
Affiliations: Department of Chemistry, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey; E-mail: kakaygusuz@hotmail.com
Abstract: Download the Abstract

Manuscript ID: IJMS-24-21
Type: Full Research Paper
Title: Fundamental Mechanisms and Reaction Kinetics of Biomass Pyrolysis
Authors: Mustafa Balat
Affiliations: Sila Science & Energy Unlimited Company, University Mahallesi, 61000, Trabzon, Turkey;  Tel.: (+90) 462 871 3025; Fax: (+90) 462 871 3110; E-mail: mustafabalat@yahoo.com
Abstract: Thermochemical reforming of biomass concerns the processes of catalytic and non-catalytic pyrolysis as well as the gasification, which aims at the maximization of the production of energetically exploitable liquid and gaseous products. Thermal conversion of biomass has received special attention since it leads to useful products and simultaneously contributes to solving pollution problems arising from biomass accumulation. The main objective in doing the present study is to investigate  pyrolysis mechanisms and kinetic parameters of biomass structural constituents. The pyrolysis conversion process is defined as thermal degradation of biomass without complete combustion that is in the absence of air or with very limited amount of oxidising agents. Depending on the type of process used, three main products, which are formed, are char (solid), pyrolytic oil (liquid) and gaseous fuel of low heating value. These products are of interest as they are possible alternate sources of energy. The most interesting temperature range for the production of the pyrolysis products is between 625 and 775 K. The charcoal yield decreases as the temperature increases. Production of liquid products is maximum at temperatures between 625 and 725 K. In all thermochemical conversion processes, pyrolysis plays a key role in the reaction kinetics and hence in reactor design and determining product distribution, composition, and properties.

Manuscript ID: IJMS-24-22
Type: Review
Title: Co-firing of Australian Coals and Biomass: Science and Technology
Authors: Sushil  Gupta, Chatphol Meesri and Jianglong Yu
Affiliations: School of Materials Science and Engineering,The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia, Tel.: 61 2 9385 4433, Fax: 61 2 9385 5956; E-mail: sushil@unsw.edu.au
Abstract: Due to growing concerns of climate change, there is urgent need to minimise energy dependence on fossil fuels. Biomass can capture solar energy and hence provide carbon neutral  energy resources. Biomass energy can be released in several ways including direct combustion or gasification or co-firing with other fossil fuels. This paper reviews current status of
biomass co-firing with coal for energy recovery. Fundamental experimental and theoretical results illustrating pyrolysis and combustion behaviour of co-firing of Australian coals and softwood for pulverized coal fired boilers are presented. The effect of various process parameters including particle size, blending ratio and combustion temperature on combustion behaviour of
blends is also described. Potential scientific and technical issues affecting further growth of biomass-cofiring  with coal are also discussed
 
Manuscript ID: IJMS-24-23
Type: Full Research Paper
Title: Meeting California’s Low Carbon Fuel Standards: A Comparative Analysis of Ethanol Supply Options
Authors:Yimin Zhang 1, Satish Joshi 2, and Heather L. MacLean 1,*
Affiliations: 1 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto; 2 Department of Agricultural Economics, Michigan State University; * author to whom correspondace should be addressed; Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St. George St. Toronto, ON Canada M5S 1A4;  Tel. 416-946-5056, email: hmaclean@ecf.utoronto.ca

Abstract: Biofuels, in particular ethanol, are expected to play an important role in the successful implementation of California’s Low Carbon Fuel Standard that requires a reduction in the carbon intensity of the State’s transportation fuels of at least 10% by 2020. We consider different ethanol supply options that meet these requirements; including ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass grown in California as well as out-of-state, corn-ethanol from the Midwest U.S., and sugarcane ethanol imported from Brazil and their combinations. We assess the environmental performance of the various ethanol supply options using a life cycle approach and compare their relative cost-effectiveness of reducing greenhouse gas emissions.


Manuscript ID: IJMS-24-25
Type: Full Research Paper
Title: Pyrolysis of Softwood Carbohydrates in a Fluidized Bed Reactor
Authors: A. Aho1, N. Kumar 1, K. Eränen 1, B. Holmbom 2, M. Hupa 3, T. Salmi 1 and D. Yu. Murzin 1,*
Affiliations: 1 Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry,  2 Laboratory of Wood and Paper Chemistry, 3 Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, all Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Åbo/Turku, Finland; * Author to whom correspondace should be addressed;  E-mail: dmurzin@abo.fi
Abstract: Liquid biofuels can be produced from woody biomass through pyrolysis, e.g. the thermal degradation, which gives besides the liquid pyrolysis oil, also non-condensable gases and a solid residue char. The process can be tailored for high production of one of the product phases. For instance, fast pyrolysis affords high liquid yields. Characteristic for fast pyrolysis, which could be conducted in a suitable fashion in a fluidized bed reactor, is high heating rate and short vapour residence time.
In the present work pyrolysis of softwood carbohydrates, namely cellulose and galactoglucomannan, which is the major hemicellulose in pinewood, has been conducted in a fluidized bed reactor. Temperature plays an important role in pyrolysis, and therefore different reaction temperatures have been tested. The pyrolysis oil consisted of a large number of different chemical compounds. The produced bio-oil was analyzed by GC MS, GC-FID, Karl Fischer titration, SEC and elemental analysis while the gas phase was analyzed for CO, CO2 and hydrocarbons. Elemental analysis was also performed on the solid char. The reaction network, accounting for formation of various products, is discussed.
Keywords: pyrolysis, cellulose, galactoglucomannan, fluidized bed reactor, bio-oil

Manuscript ID: IJMS-24-26
Type: Review
Title: Third Generation Biofuels via Direct Cellulose Fermentation
Authors: Carlo R. Carere 1, Richard Sparling 2, Nazim Cicek 1 and David B. Levin 1,*
Affiliations: 1Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB, Canada R3T 5V6; E-mail: umcarerc@cc.umanitoba.ca; E-mail: nazim_cicek@cc.umantiboa.ca;  2Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB, Canada R3T 5V6; E-mail: sparlng@cc.umanitoba.ca; * Author to whom correspondace should be addressed;  E-mail: levindb@cc.umanitoba.ca
Abstract: Consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) is a system in which cellulase production, substrate hydrolysis, and fermentation are accomplished in a single process step by cellulolytic microorganisms. CBP offers the potential for lower biofuel production costs due to simpler feedstock processing, lower energy inputs, and higher conversion efficiencies than separate hydrolysis and fermentation processes, and is an economically attractive near-term goal for process for “third generation” biofuel production. In this review article, production of third generation biofuels from cellulosic feedstocks will be addressed in respect to the metabolism of cellulolytic bacteria and the development of strategies to increase biofuel yields.
Keywords: biofuels, ethanol, hydrogen, cellulose, fermentation.

 

Manuscript ID: IJMS-24-27
Type: Full Research Paper
Title: Non-Edible Plant Oils as New Sources for Biodiesel Production
Authors: A.B. Chhetri 1, M.S.Tango 2, S.M.Budge 1, K.C.Watts 1 and M.R.Islam  1,*
Affiliations: 1 Faculty of Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada; 2 School of Engineering, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS, Canada; * Author to whom correspondace should be addressed;  E-mail: rislam@dal.ca
Abstract: Due to the concern on the availability of recoverable fossil fuel reserves and the environmental problems caused by the use those fossil fuels, considerable attention has been given to biodiesel production as an alternative to petrodiesel. However, as the biodiesel is produced from vegetable oils and animal fats, there are concerns that biodiesel feedstock may compete with food supply in the long-term. Hence, the recent focus is to find oil bearing plants that produce non-edible oils as the feedstock for biodiesel production. In this paper, two plant species, soapnut (Sapindus mukorossi) and Jatropha (Jatropha curcas, L.) are discussed as the newer sources of oil for biodiesel production. The qualitative experimental analysis showed that both of the oils have great potential to be used as feedstock for biodiesel production. Fatty acid methyl ester from cold pressed soapnut seed oil was envisaged as biodiesel source for the first time. Conversion efficiency of soapnut and Jatropha oil into biodiesel was found to be 87.62% and 85.20% respectively. The uses of non-edible plant oil sources are particularly important as the issue of competition of biodiesel feedstock with food products has drawn serious attention in the society.
Keywords: biodiesel, petrodiesel, non-edible plant oils, soapnut, Jatropha curcas L.

 
Manuscript ID: IJMS-24-29
Type: Full Research Paper
Title: Perennial Biomass Cropping Systems based on Forages
Authors: Matt A. Sanderson
Affiliations: USDA-ARS Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Unit, Building 3702, Curtin Road, University Park, PA 16802-3702. Tel. 814-865-1067; E-Mail: Matt.Sanderson@ars.usda.gov
Abstract: The discovery of new uses for forage crops has enhanced the value of these perennial crops beyond their traditional uses for animal feed and conservation. Converting forage plants into biofuels, industrial products, and human-use products has been termed the biorefinery concept. Relying on contemporarily fixed-C rather than fossil sources as the feedstock for these new products is a renewable approach. The recent billion ton report by the U.S. Department of Energy and USDA envisions up to 60 million acres of new perennial energy crops will be grown to supply biomass feedstock by 2030. In this paper I address the use of perennial forage crops for the production of biomass feedstock and how management practices may differ from traditional forage uses. The economics, environmental aspects, and energy balance of using perennial grasses (switchgrass), perennial legumes (alfalfa), and low-input high-diversity grasslands (i.e., perennial prairie polyculture) as biomass feedstocks will be detailed and reviewed.

Manuscript ID: IJMS-24-30
Type: Full Research Paper
Title: Opportunities for a bio-based economy in the Netherlands
Authors: Johan Sanders 1 and Diederik van der Hoeven 2
Affiliations: 1 Wageningen University Research; 2 Daedalus Research and Development
Abstract: The shift to a bio-based economy for the Netherlands is not only required because of climate problems, but also for reasons of industrial strategy. Traditional strongholds of the Dutch economy like the Rotterdam harbour, the agricultural sector (including the greenhouse sector, and food and feed industries), and petrochemical industry, are affected by the new economic realities that entail a shift towards emerging economies. And it is precisely to these sectors that a bio-based economy will offer new opportunities. The Netherlands are a major importer and exporter of agricultural products and are characterised, as a result of this, by the highest throughput of biomass per hectare in the world. This offers many opportunities to employ new technologies like white (industrial) biotechnology to create new pathways for the production of e.g. industrial chemicals. This can be done in principle without harming food production by dual-purpose agriculture: both for food, and for feedstock for transport fuels and chemicals. Much of the biomass will have to be imported; present initiatives show that world markets for biocommodities may develop with positive effects to local economies in the exporting countries, although biomass production needs close monitoring in order to avoid deforestation, disruption of food supplies etc. It will be shown that biomass may make a substantial contribution to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in the Netherlands (up to 30% in the coming decades). Biomass production will carry sufficient income to the farmer, even in Northwestern Europe, if a share of 10-20% of the yield can be employed for the production of chemicals. The excellent logistic position of the Netherlands may allow the country to become a hub in the trade in biomass and biocommodities. This will have to be supported by intelligent policy measures.
 
Manuscript ID: IJMS-24-31
Type: Full Research Paper
Title: Studying the Influence of Alumina Catalysts Doped with Tin and Zinc Oxides in the Soybean Oil Pyrolysis Reaction
Authors: Rafael L. Quirino, André P. Tavares, Antônio C. Peres, Joel C. Rubim and Paulo A. Z. Suarez*
Affiliations: Instituto de Química, Universidade de Brasília, CP 4478, 70919-970, Brasília-DF, Brazil.
Abstract:  The pyrolysis of vegetable oils consists in the cracking of the triglycerides’ carbon chains producing smaller molecules. A mixture of hydrocarbons and oxygenated compounds, such as carboxylic acids and aldehydes, is obtained as product and it can be separated by fractioned distillation. When the reaction is carried out in the absence of catalysts (thermo-cracking), a great quantity of these oxygenated compounds is obtained. Thus, the presence of those oxygenated compounds in the products results in a high level of acidity, which can be a problem when using those products as fuels in combustion motors. The aim of this work was to study the composition of the products obtained by vegetable oils’ cracking reaction assisted by g-alumina doped with zinc and tin oxides. The products were analyzed by FT-IR, CG-MS and CG-FID and the acid number was determined by titration with alcoholic KOH solution. The acid number, infrared spectrums and chromatograms of the resulting hydrocarbons mixtures indicated a significant diminishing of oxygenated compounds when compared with the mixtures obtained in the thermo-cracking process, thus, decreasing the mixture acidity.
 
Published Papers:
Open Access
Mohammad Pourbafrani 1,2,*, Farid Talebnia 1,2, Claes Niklasson 2 and Mohammad J. Taherzadeh 1
1 School of Engineering, University of Borås, 501 90 Borås, Sweden; E-mail: Farid.Talebnia@hb.se; E-Mail: Mohammad.Taherzadeh@hb.se
2 Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden; E-mail: Claesn@chalmers.se
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: Mohammad.Pour_Bafrani@hb.se; Tel: +46-33-435 4361; Fax: +46-33-435 4008
Full Research Paper: Protective Effect of Encapsulation in Fermentation of Limonene-contained Media and Orange Peel Hydrolyzate
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2007, 8, 777-787 (PDF format, 91.8 K)

Open Access
Ronny Purwadi 1,3, Tomas Brandberg 2 and Mohammad J. Taherzadeh 3,*
1 Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, 40132 Bandung, Indonesia
2 SEKAB, SE-891-26 Örnsköldsvik, Sweden
3 School of Engineering, University College of Borås, S-501 90 Borås, Sweden;Tel.: (+46) 33 435 5908, Fax: (+46) 33 435 4008
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: Mohammad.Taherzadeh@hb.se
Received: 2 July 2007; in revised form: 9 August 2007 / Accepted: 28 August 2007 /  Published: 3 September 2007
Full Research Paper: A Possible Industrial Solution to Ferment Lignocellulosic Hydrolyzate to Ethanol: Continuous Cultivation with Flocculating Yeast
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2007, 8, 920-932 (PDF format, 803K)
 
Open Access
Arjun B. Chhetri 1, Martin S. Tango 1,2, Suzanne M. Budge 1, K. Chris Watts 1 and M. Rafiqul Islam 1,*
1 Faculty of Engineering, Dalhousie University, 1360 Barrington Street, Halifax NS B3J 2X4, Canada
2 School of Engineering, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS, Canada
E-Mails: kcarjun@dal.ca (A. C.); martin.tango@acadiau.ca (M. T.); budges@dal.ca (S. B.); chris.watts@dal.ca (K. W.); rislam@dal.ca (M. I.)
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: rislam@dal.ca; Tel. +1.902.4943980
Received: 5 December 2007 / Accepted: 28 January 2008 / Published: 8 February 2008
Full Research Paper:  Non-Edible Plant Oils as New Sources for Biodiesel Production 
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2008, 9, 169-180 (PDF format, 339K)
 
Open Access
Norma Ramírez-Ramírez 1, Eliel R. Romero-García 1, Vianney C. Calderón 1,  Claudia I. Avitia 1, Alfredo Téllez-Valencia 2 and Mario Pedraza-Reyes 1,*
1 Instituto de Investigación en Biología Experimental (IIBE), Facultad de Química, Universidad de Guanajuato. P.O. Box 187. Guanajuato, Gto. 36050. Mexico
2 Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo. Abasolo 600, Pachuca, Hgo. 42000. Mexico
E-mail:pedrama@quijote.ugto.mx, Tel: (473) 73 2 00 06 Ext 8161. Fax: (473) 73 2 00 06 Ext 8153
Received: 2 December 2007; in revised form: 25 January 2008 / Accepted: 29 January 2008 / Published: 29 February 2008
Full Research Paper: Expression, characterization and synergistic interactions of Myxobacter Sp. AL-1 Cel9 and Cel48 glycosyl hydrolases
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2008, 9, 247-257 (PDF format, 336K)
 
Open Access
Teresa Miranda 1,*, Alberto Esteban 2, Sebastián Rojas 1, Irene Montero 1 and Antonio Ruiz 1
1 Department of Mechanical, Energetic and Materials Engineering, Industrial Engineering School, University of Extremadura, Avda. Elvas s/n, 06071 Badajoz, Spain.
2 Department of Energy, CIEMAT, Avda. Complutense, 22, Madrid 28040, Spain. Tel.: +34 913466701; Fax: +34 913466269
E-mails: tmiranda@unex.es (T.M.); a.esteban@ciemat.es (A.E.); srojas@unex.es (S.R.); imontero@unex.es (I.M.); aruiz@unex.es (A.R.)
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. E-Mail: tmiranda@unex.es
Received: 22 January 2008; in revised form: 5 March 2008 / Accepted: 31 March 2008 / Published: 4 April 2008
Full Research Paper: Combustion Analysis of Different Olive Residues
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2008, 9, 512-525 (PDF format, 600K)

Leading Papers and Reviews:

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